are an occasion for joy. The thinking here is that while one cannot prevent such trials, the ability to determine one’s attitude and perspective in the midst of trials is a powerful possibility. Further, the use of whenever (1:2) underscores the likelihood of such occasions. It is not a question of if trials should come, but when. And when they do, writes James, this is the proper attitude of true religion, namely to consider it pure joy. The original Greek word used for trials here is a word used
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